My Friend Hamilton -Who I shot Essay -- essays research papers fc

A Historiographical Discussion of the Duel Between Aaron Burr and The duel between Aaron Burr and Alexander Hamilton holds a significant relevance in American history and should be examined within the context of early American culture and politics. The recent historiography of the incident provides us with a complex, evolving web of conflicting interpretations. Since the day of this tragic duel, contemporaries and historians have puzzled over why these two prominent American statesmen confronted each other on the Plains of Weehawken. What circumstances or events could have motivated two of the most brilliant political minds in America to endanger their lives and reputations by taking aim at each other on that dismal day? The recent historiography of the event can be divided into two schools which I shall denote as the â€Å"contextual† school and the â€Å"psycho-historical† school. These differing â€Å"schools† demonstrate the complexity of history and the extent to which a variety of factors, including bias and changing frames of reference can influence interpretive study and conclusions. It is the object of this discussion, therefore, to examine the heretofore mentioned interpretations, and to critically analyze the differing ideas concerning the Burr-Hamilton duel. The most succinct version of the event, as told by Joseph J. Ellis reads On the morning of July 11, 1804, Aaron Burr and Alexander Hamilton were rowed across the Hudson River in separate boats to a secluded spot near Weehawken, New Jersey. There, in accord with the customs of the code duello, they exchanged pistol shots at ten paces. Hamilton was struck on his right side and died the following day. Though unhurt, Burr found that his reputation suffered an equally fatal wound. In this, the most famous duel in American history, both participants were casualties.1 Almost every American is familiar with this most famous—and deadly—of American duels. Hamilton was celebrated and hailed as a martyr, and Burr was labeled a murderer and went on to undertake many strange adventures in the American west, eventually tried for treason for his purported conspiratorial intentions. Before engaging further in this discussion, one must first differentiate between what I have denoted as â€Å"contextual† history and â€Å"psycho-historical† history. I contend that â€Å"contextual† ... ...no. 1 (1995): 1-23. Schachner, Nathan. Aaron Burr: A Biography. New York, NY: A.S. & Barnes Company, 1961. Shalhope, Robert E. Review of Affairs of Honor: National Politics in the New Republic, by Joanne B. Freeman. The Journal of American History 89, no. 2 (2002): 620-621. Schneidman, J. Lee and Conalee Levin-Schneidman. â€Å"Suicide or Murder? The Burr-Hamilton Duel.† Journal of Psychohistory 8, no. 2 (1980): 159-181. Stevens, William Oliver. Pistols at Ten Paces: The Story of the Code of Honor in America. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1940. Ward, Allen Mason. A History of the Roman People. 4th Ed. Upper Saddle River, NY: Prentice Hall, 2003. Weiten, Wayne. Psychology: Themes and Variations. 5th Ed. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 2001. Wood, Gordon S. The Radicalism of the American Revolution. New York, NY: Vintage Books, 1991. Wyatt-Brown, Bertram. Southern Honor: Ethics and Behavior in the Old South. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1982. ----------. Honor and Violence in the Old South. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1986. Zinn, Howard. A People’s History of the United States: 1492-Present. New York, NY: HarperCollins, 1980. My Friend Hamilton -Who I shot Essay -- essays research papers fc A Historiographical Discussion of the Duel Between Aaron Burr and The duel between Aaron Burr and Alexander Hamilton holds a significant relevance in American history and should be examined within the context of early American culture and politics. The recent historiography of the incident provides us with a complex, evolving web of conflicting interpretations. Since the day of this tragic duel, contemporaries and historians have puzzled over why these two prominent American statesmen confronted each other on the Plains of Weehawken. What circumstances or events could have motivated two of the most brilliant political minds in America to endanger their lives and reputations by taking aim at each other on that dismal day? The recent historiography of the event can be divided into two schools which I shall denote as the â€Å"contextual† school and the â€Å"psycho-historical† school. These differing â€Å"schools† demonstrate the complexity of history and the extent to which a variety of factors, including bias and changing frames of reference can influence interpretive study and conclusions. It is the object of this discussion, therefore, to examine the heretofore mentioned interpretations, and to critically analyze the differing ideas concerning the Burr-Hamilton duel. The most succinct version of the event, as told by Joseph J. Ellis reads On the morning of July 11, 1804, Aaron Burr and Alexander Hamilton were rowed across the Hudson River in separate boats to a secluded spot near Weehawken, New Jersey. There, in accord with the customs of the code duello, they exchanged pistol shots at ten paces. Hamilton was struck on his right side and died the following day. Though unhurt, Burr found that his reputation suffered an equally fatal wound. In this, the most famous duel in American history, both participants were casualties.1 Almost every American is familiar with this most famous—and deadly—of American duels. Hamilton was celebrated and hailed as a martyr, and Burr was labeled a murderer and went on to undertake many strange adventures in the American west, eventually tried for treason for his purported conspiratorial intentions. Before engaging further in this discussion, one must first differentiate between what I have denoted as â€Å"contextual† history and â€Å"psycho-historical† history. I contend that â€Å"contextual† ... ...no. 1 (1995): 1-23. Schachner, Nathan. Aaron Burr: A Biography. New York, NY: A.S. & Barnes Company, 1961. Shalhope, Robert E. Review of Affairs of Honor: National Politics in the New Republic, by Joanne B. Freeman. The Journal of American History 89, no. 2 (2002): 620-621. Schneidman, J. Lee and Conalee Levin-Schneidman. â€Å"Suicide or Murder? The Burr-Hamilton Duel.† Journal of Psychohistory 8, no. 2 (1980): 159-181. Stevens, William Oliver. Pistols at Ten Paces: The Story of the Code of Honor in America. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1940. Ward, Allen Mason. A History of the Roman People. 4th Ed. Upper Saddle River, NY: Prentice Hall, 2003. Weiten, Wayne. Psychology: Themes and Variations. 5th Ed. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 2001. Wood, Gordon S. The Radicalism of the American Revolution. New York, NY: Vintage Books, 1991. Wyatt-Brown, Bertram. Southern Honor: Ethics and Behavior in the Old South. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1982. ----------. Honor and Violence in the Old South. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1986. Zinn, Howard. A People’s History of the United States: 1492-Present. New York, NY: HarperCollins, 1980.

Kathmandu Enter Into Chinese Market Essay

With the rapid development of economy and society, Chinese market has attracted a great number of attentions from foreign companies. Therefore, how to enter into Chinese market and how to be a successful company in China has become a realistic issue faced by business managers, entrepreneurs and consultants. This essay will focus on introducing one Australian local brand â€Å"Kathmandu† which is an outdoor sport equipment company into Chinese market. Thus, a detailed analysis of the current situation of the Chinese market and this foreign company is indispensable. Firstly, this paper will analyze the current situation of the Chinese outdoor sport market and the Chinese economy, and then identify the strengths and weakness of the Kathmandu Company when entering into Chinese market. Subsequently, selection of entry modes and partner and recommendations will be provided to deal with or to reduce the risks when enter into the Chinese outdoor sport market. 2. BACKGROUND ABOUT KATHMANDU COMPANY Kathmandu Holdings Limited was established by John Pawson and Jan Cameron in 1987. The company started off as a small outdoor apparel shop in New Zealand and in 25 years has grown to a multi-national brand primarily producing outdoor sport clothing and equipment which combine with the advanced technology, high quality and high comfort level. Such as, tents and shelters, packs and luggage, sleeping gear, outdoor clothing, footwear and other accessories of outdoor. In 2006, one Australasian private equity company fully acquired Kathmandu for NZ$275 million. Currently Kathmandu does the business in Australia, New Zealand and England. The company slogan aims to capture young and adventurous individuals and the marketing strategy has been built around this notion (Kathmandu, 2012). 3. OPPORTUNITIES OF CHINESE OUTDOOR MARKET 3. 1 Outdoor sport in China Along with the development of economy and living stander, outdoor sport becomes increasingly popular in China. In China, outdoor sport was started at Beijing, Shenzhen and Shanghai in 1999(Chinese News, 2011). Currently, combing with pressure reducing, such sport increase quite fast and become one kind of society fashion. There are four outdoor sport activities which include High Mountain, exploration, rock climbing and bicycling in China (Chinese outdoor Sport Association, 2012). The outdoor sport is an professional sport activity not only require a good physical quality but also good clothing and equipment to resist the bad environment. Therefore, fast increase of the outdoor sport contributes to sharp augment on demand of outdoor sport clothing and equipment. As reporting by China Outdoor Sport Association, the number of annual sales from existing manufactories of outdoor equipment was 800 million RMB in 2010, while the number of that in 2000 was 60 million RMB, and the number of Chinese participation in the outdoor sport has reached one hundred million (China Outdoor Sport Association, 2012). Hence, along with the unbelievable development of the outdoor sport and the higher demand of outdoor products, obviously, the potential of the Chinese outdoor sport market is quite considerable. 3. 2 Situation of Chinese outdoor market Basic the market research, currently, there are approximately 200 Chinese local outdoor sport brands and around 1100 outdoor clothing and equipment stores. Although the outdoor industry of China is at beginning phases, every year increase 50%. The CEO of the GORE Company which is one of the beat 100 American outdoor equipment companies pointed out that such fast increase would maintain at the least 5 years in China (Simone, 2002). It can be calculated that the Chinese outdoor sport market should be worth around two billion. However, even though the outdoor sport is obtaining swift development, the outdoor market is relatively backward. The local manufactures only produce or provide elementary products or services, lack of the leading company and well-known brand is a serious issue in the local market. Therefore, it is a favorable opportunity for Kathmandu to expend to the Chinese outdoor market, because of the sharp escalation of market demand and insufficient supply of the local outdoor market. 3. 3 Competitors in Chinese outdoor market China already had around 200 local brands in outdoor sport market. However, in such new industry market foreign companies occupied the main position. According to the research, there are four main competitors for Kathmandu in the Chinese outdoor market, which include The North Face that is an American company, it has a long history and produce fine workmanship products, one company of France named ALGLE which entered into China in 1997, and its products are practical and noble. OZARK which is a Switzerland Company and the design of their products is following the characteristic of the Chinese. The last one competitor is Salewa from German (Chinese News, 2011). Compare with these foreign companies, the technology and quality of the local brands are at lower level, particularly, at the aspect of technology. Company is difficult to survive without advanced technology supporting, especially, in the outdoor sport market. Therefore, the outdoor market that has a small number of strong competitors will supply an opportunity for Kathmandu to obtain the biggest market share by adopting the advanced technology. 3. 4 Chinese economic situation For the financial reason, the Chinese market is quite appropriate for the Kathmandu to enter. According to the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) recourses, in 2010 the number of average disposable personal income of cities and towns was 21033 RMB, which was higher 11. 3% than that in 2009. Meanwhile, the recourses also mentioned that the number of average disposable personal income in cities and towns was 7414 RMB in the first quarter 2011, which was higher 14. 1% than that in 2010 (National Bureau of Statistics, 2011). The increase of the disposable personal income of the Chinese offered an ideally material guarantee for consumption of the outdoor sport, which also means that Chinese has obtained higher purchasing power than before. The Nominal GDP per capita continues experiencing increase since 2001 to 2010 from 8. 3% to 10. 3% (National Bureau of Statistics, 2011). Following the acceleration of the urbanization progress, increasingly Chinese has selected outdoor sport, particularly, the young people. As the China Outdoor Sport Association report 2010, 90% of the participators already have attained high education degrees and the wages in the 65% of them over 5000RMB per month, 20 to 40 years old people occupied 84. 1% (Chinese News, 2011). China possesses the most enormous consumer groups which attract the vision of the world. Such consumer groups will contribute more benefits than England and New Zealand for Kathmandu. According to the National Development and Reform Commission, there is a police of 5 years plant from 2011 to 2015, which will focus on inequality of wealth distribution and shifting emphasis from investment to consumption (National Development and Reform Commission, 2011). Therefore more money will be spent in rural and inland development. So that Kathmandu can expect a growing number of potential customers in the coming 5 years. Therefore, the current situation of the Chinese market is ideally for Kathmandu to attract more customers and to sales more outdoor products. 4. STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES OF KATHMANDU IN CHINA Kathmandu has sufficient experience on oversea expending. According to the Kathmandu office report, currently, the company of Kathmandu has totally 107 retail stores, 65 located in Australia, 39 in New Zealand and 6 in United Kingdom respectively. In 2003 and 2004, the company entered into the market of United Kingdom, and speedy became one of the top two outdoor brands in the UK. The office report also mentioned that the Kathmandu Company made 237 million AU$ sales and obtained 7 million profit in 2011(Kathmandu, 2012). Therefore, the Kathmandu has sufficient expending experience, which enables to reduce risks that are bought by the insufficient of experience when enter into China. Furthermore, owning of advanced technologies is able to guarantees the leading position in Chinese outdoor market. Specifically, the technologies of anti-wind, anti-fire, waterproof and high heat preservation are adopted by all of their products with high comfortable level. Such advanced technologies are what the Chinese local outdoor equipment market and customers need. However, there are some weaknesses of Kathmandu can not be ignored in Chinese market. Firstly, lack of Guan XI (special relationship) will be the main issue for the company. In Chinese market, it is difficult to obtain long-term profit that making the business without a favorable Guan Xi, particularly, the closing relationship with the Chinese government. The Kathmandu may face some restriction from the Chinese Government. Such as, polices changing, law modifying and the controlling on some local resources, which will bring a great number of obstacles on operation of the Kathmandu company in China. Secondly, low brand awareness will lead to high cost in Chinese market. Obviously, although there is an increase in the demand of western products for the Chinese customers, the products selection of customers is quite cautious, especially on unacquainted brands. The Kathmandu may needs more patience to the Chinese clients to know more about the products of the Kathmandu, in other words, more time is required by the Chinese market. In addition, in such situation, more capitals will be spent by the company on advertising in order to build the name recognition. Thus, these weaknesses may bring some risks for the Kathmandu company operation in China. 5. HOW TO ENTER INTO CHINESE OUTDOOR MARKET 5. 1 Selection of the entry modes The selection of entry modes is crucial for every company when enter into a new market. There are two major entry modes, which include non-equity modes and equity modes (Chen Hui, 2002). As a multinational company and has good expending experience in the UK and New Zealand, it is undeniable that equity modes is appropriate to the Kathmandu when enter into Chinese market. The entry modes contain joint-venture, acquisitions and green-fields (Peter, 2008). Merger and acquisition can assists the Kathmandu directly entering into Chinese market by purchasing the company that already has established in China. However, a large number of capitals are required by the Kathmandu company to merger the Chinese local company, which means more cost will occur when choose this entry method. In addition, social-cultural environment issue should be considered by the western companies, acquisition entry method may be related to a sort of aggression by Chinese duo to the Chinese history, so that some threatens will be faced by the Kathmandu Company, for instant, anti-products and service of the company. The green-fields entry method also requires large number of capitals to support, and this approach is quite complicate to operate. While more freedom in designing the plant, selecting suppliers, and hiring a work force will be contributed by green-field (Ilkaka, 2007). Compare with acquisition and green-field, joint-venture entry method is more appropriate to the Kathmandu Company to enter into the Chinese outdoor market. The reasons as follow, firstly, Beamish pointed out that joint-venture is cheaper to exit compare with green-fields and also has the advantage that benefits the company to directly enter the market of other countries (Beamish, 2001). Secondly, the Kathmandu Company is not familiar with Chinese institutions and regulations, finding a Joint-Venture partner can help understand rules of running business, and the Guan Xi of the Chinese partner can be used by the Kathmandu in China. Moreover, such method will provide strong bargaining power with Joint-Venture partner for the company, as Kathmandu can provide high technical resources and product line which is the crucial issue facing by the Chinese outdoor companies. However, there are some disadvantages that lead to the risks to the Kathmandu Company from the joint-venture entry method. Firstly, the joint-venture may modify the partner to competitor (Swierczak, 1994). Specifically, it is dangerous that giving the advanced technologies to the partner to control. Perhaps the primary goal of the local partner is to control the leading technologies of the Kathmandu; such technologies will be used by other local companies on their products in order to obtain the bigger market share and to make more profit, which should be the most primary risk for the Kathmandu Company. Secondly, shared ownership can lead to conflict over goals and control. The ownership and administrative power will become the main conflict between the partner and the foreign company (Swierczak, 1994). In order to control and make the biggest profit to their own company, both local and foreign company adopts various approaches to attain the beneficial position in the joint-venture company. Such as, increasing the investment and controlling the resources. Balancing the advantages and disadvantages for the Kathmandu Company to select the entry modes in Chinese market, joint-venture is the ideally entry modes for the company. However, which Chinese partner should be selected by the Kathmandu is another issue. 5. 2 Selection of the Chinese partner There are a great number of local outdoor or sport brands in China. However, it is difficult to find a well-known outdoor sport brand because of the new outdoor market. Thus selecting a famous sport equipment company as the joint-venture partner is the best selection for Kathmandu Company. The Chinese sport companies include 361, ERKE, ANTA, PEAK, DOUBLE STAR, Xtep and LI NING (Chinese sport research, 2011). According to LI NING annual report 2010, the capitalization of the company has reached 8. 387 billion and has had 8156 sales shops in 1800 cities in China, and The number of LI NING brand retail stores is 7478 Moreover, LI NING has the highest reputation as the company is sponsoring several of Chinese sport national teams. The company already cooperated with AIGLE, LOTTO and Kason using joint-venture entry modes, which means that LI NING has had sufficient experience on such entry modes, and the high experience will assists the Kathmandu to reduce the risks on joint-venture (LI NING, 2011). Therefore, LI NING should be the most appropriate joint-venture partner for the Kathmandu Company, the large number of LI NING sales network and capitalization will contribute the convenience to the Kathmandu to enter into Chinese outdoor market. 6. CONCLUSION China has become the biggest market for the foreign company duo to the rapid development of economy and society. Such development specifically expressed in the GDP and the average disposable personal income continually increase, which also represent high purchasing power in China. In the same period, the fast development of Chinese outdoor sport market contributes to the high demand not only for the outdoor clothing and equipment but also for the advanced technologies of the outdoor equipment in the Chinese outdoor market, and the lower strong competitors also provide a God-given opportunity for the Kathmandu outdoor equipment company to enter such ideally market. Hence, how to enter Chinese market will be the first issue faced by every foreign company manager. The joint-venture entry modes should be the possible modes selected by the foreign company, particularly, the Kathmandu Company duo to the lower cost, easily access the market. The Kathmandu enables to use the local resources and Guan Xi network of the LI NING Company, which are the weaknesses of the Kathmandu, via joint-venture in order to become a successful company operating in China after into the outdoor market. Both companies will obtain the benefits that they want from joint-venture entry modes. 7. REFERENCES Beamish, P. W. ,&Banks, J. C. 2001. Equity joint ventures and the theory of the multinational enterprise. Journal of International Business Studies, 18(2):1-16. Chinese Customs, 2011, â€Å"Export Procedure†, viewed: 20 May 2012, from http://www. customs. gov. cn/publish/portal0/. Chen, H. 2002, An analysis of determinants of entry mode and its impact on performance, Int. Bus. Rev. , 11 (2002), pp. 193–210. Chinese News, 2011, The demand of copper is recovering to the level before financial crisis, viewed: 20 May, 2012, from. http://www.chinanews. com/cj/2011/06-13/3108018. shtml Chinese Outdoor Sport Association 2012, â€Å"report of Chinese outdoor sport situation†, viewed: 20 May 2012, from http://www. iouter. com/. Ilkka A. Ronkainen, 2007, International marketing, Cengage Learning, 2007, p417-422. Joseph Simone, â€Å"Criminal Enforcement Against Counterfeiters†, China Business Review, 29/6 (2002): 22-23; Timothy Trainer, â€Å"The Fight Against Trademark Counterfeiting,† China Business Review, 29/6 (2002): 20-24. Kathmandu Annual Report, 2012, Introduction of Kathmandu, viewed 17 May, 2012, from homepage: http://www. kathmandu. com. au/. Kobrin, op. cit. ; Minor, op. cit. ; Charles Hill, International Business: Competing in the Global Marketplace, 4th Edition (Bostom, MA: McGraw-Hill Irwin, 2003), p. 47. Lining Annual Report, 2011, Introduction of Lining, viewed 17 May, 2012, from http://www. lining. com/eng/global/home. php. National Bureau of Statistics, 2011, â€Å"situation of Chinese economic†, viewed 17 May, 2012, from http://www.stats. gov. cn/. National Development &Reform Commission, 2011, â€Å"situation of Chinese market development†, viewed 17 May, 2012, from http://www. sdpc. gov. cn/. Peter Liesch, and Duncan Poulson, 2008, â€Å"An Unconventional Approach to Intellectual Property: The Case of an Australian Firm Transferring Shipbuilding Technologies to China,† Journal of World Business, 35/1 (2000): 1-20. Swierczak, F. W. 1994, Culture and conflict in Joint Venture in Asia, International Journal of Project Management, 12 (1) (1994), pp. 39–47.

Overview of Suicide Essay - 1141 Words

Suicide is a permanent solution to a temporary problem, is what many say. How ever there is no single explanation for taking ones own life as the conflicts are what branches out to many possibilities. This topic is a taboo among todays society, its seen as something shamed to talk about however from ignoring this topic it lets the opportunity of knowledge for young people to understand that there is a way to get help and that theyre not alone. almost 3000 people commit suicide everyday between the years of 1952 and 1995 the suicide rates almost tripled and 90% of those have some sort of mental disorder or substance abuse problem and 15% of those who took their own life were clinically depressed and at one point did reach out for†¦show more content†¦one who cuts off from society to be alone. this type is common more towards the teenagers going through changes in their life, they will lock themselves away for days trying to forget the world and avoid dealing with their probl ems. as the individual may feel that its a good escape it does not benefit them and may lead them into a deeper depression. the second Type Altrustic Suicide: which resulted the individual from the taking of their own life due to higher commandments in other words, commiting suicide for the feeling that it will benefit others. 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The Competition For Admission Into College - 791 Words

The competition for admission into college can be extremely tough, and a gap year, especially a mandatory one, can lead to even greater competition than before. When searching through application upon application, universities tend to look for students who have â€Å"passionate involvement in a few in or out of school activities† as well as â€Å"out of school experiences including work, community service, youth organizations, religious groups, etc.† (IECA, 1). 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Comparing Vladimir Lenin s Eyes And A Capitalist Society

The popular, the majority, the working class, the predominant, the masses. There are countless terms available to describe who has the most socio-political power, the most weathered; the proletariats. In Vladimir Lenin’s eyes, in a capitalist society a proletariat is the term used to describe the working class, the class that does not have ownership of any means of production(land and capital) and whose sole income source derives from labor. The minority, who own the majority of the wealth, the means of production, and the means of coercion(law enforcement and legal system). In a capitalist society, the bourgeoisie exploit the proletariats. Only the bourgeoisie could afford the means of production, therefore they control the proletariat’s†¦show more content†¦They would prohibit any Soviet that had a capitalist agenda from gaining any socio-political power, therefore creating the first completely proletarian government, made by and for the working class. Anoth er example of where this method was applied is the Chinese Communist Revolution. Qu Lindong, a prominent Chinese historian at the University of Beijing, describes â€Å"Marxism as the dominant outlook in[Chinese] history.† In fact, the Chinese Revolution was championed by Mao Zedong, a devout believer in the Marxism-Leninism revolutionary theories, whom attempted to apply the techniques used by Lenin in the Russian Revolution, adapted slightly to fit China’s socio-political needs, to his own nation. Both of these revolution’s occurred for the same reason; the majority’s exasperation in their respective, unequal social structure. Essentially, the working class got tired of being exploited and suppressed by the ruling class, and decided to take a stand against them, as one unit. The Chinese Revolution was similar to the Russian Revolution because, once capitalism reigned globally supreme, the only type of revolt that could occur is the overthrow of capitali sm by the conscious revolutionary acts of the proletariat. Therefore, almost all revolutions are based on class conflict and

Political Identity Free Essays

Political Identity can be referred to the collective aspect of the set of characteristics by which a political party of your choice is recognizable or known. Politics exists all around the world whether it involves the government, religion, debates, events, or individuals in general. It can be quite difficult to determine one’s Political Identity as this consists of various concepts. We will write a custom essay sample on Political Identity or any similar topic only for you Order Now I am a follower of the Liberal Party of Ontario which is aligned with the Canadian Liberal Party. The following essay will be discussing the influences that have impacted me in order to create my own Political Identity. Politics consists of three distinctive categories such as, the Conservative Party, the Liberal Party and the New Democratic Party. The Liberal Party generally stands between the view points of both the Conservative Party and the New Democratic Party. This party has formed the Government of Ontario since the year 2003. The Liberal Party is extremely open to embracing changes and creating opportunities for individuals in our modern world. As in individual, I tend to follow a middle path in which I consider both sides of the decisions I make. I am also quite open to learning newer concepts and I have the ability to adapt to any changes that my arise. Thus I believe that my Political Identity lies with the Liberal Party as my actions can relate to the ones made by this party. As a child, I was unable to understand the concept of politics, though I was taught to support the Liberals. However now that I have matured, I have discovered why many individuals choose to support the Liberals, as opposed to the other political parties. Due to the positive attitude towards change, the Liberal Party is the reason why Canada is seen as such a multicultural country. The Liberal Party has helped changed the lives of many individuals that had been living an unfortunate life. If it were not for the Liberals, I would not be in such a well developed country. My parents had not been blessed with such a pleasant life. They had came across many hardships in life and hoped that their children would not experience such a life. Throughout the 1970s, the Liberal Party granted permission for the Ismaili Muslims from Africa to enter Canada, in order to have a better lifestyle. This is when my parents fled from East Africa and entered Canada. Migrating to Canada has had a great positive impact on their lives, along with the lives of many others. Hence my family and friends have been voting for the Liberal Party for many years. This has impacted my Political Identity by a whole lot. There are many factors which contributed to the choice of my Political Identity Living in a society in which immigrants from all around the world are present, has assisted in shaping my Political Identity. While attending school, I am exposed to a variety of races. Therefore schools tend to enforce Liberalism as well. Due to this, many students choose to follow the Liberal Party. Not only do I follow the Liberals because I such a society, but also because the Liberals have given individuals the freedom of their choice. During the past, the women of Ontario were not granted the permission to abort their children. If one chose to give up her baby, she was to cross the border to fulfill her desire. However the Liberals brought a change in which a woman is free to act upon her choice. Also, same-sex marriages were not permitted at any costs. Yet recently, by law, individuals are allowed to wed any sex of their choice without being ridiculed. Although these acts may have seemed immoral in the past, they have come to be accepted by our society. I too feel that individuals should have the right of freedom when it comes to choosing what is best for their lifestyle. Thus I support the decisions the Liberals have chose to create based on our modern society. Overall, I believe that the Liberal Party is an exceptional party that has performed many changes that have been beneficially for many individuals. Although I felt compelled to support the Liberals because my family supported them, as a matured person, I now feel that the Liberal Party is worth supporting because not only has it assisted my the members of community, it has also assisted people from around the world. This party has also given individuals the right of freedom in order act upon their desire. Though it has limitations, the Liberal Party strives to strengthen its economy and create opportunities for its people. As a person, I believe it is important to accept change and keep oneself open to new opportunities. Therefore my Political Identity can be recognized as a Liberal. How to cite Political Identity, Papers

A theory of Human Motivation. Classics of Organization

Question: 1. Discuss how the recognition scheme supports McDonald's culture and attracts future leaders? 2. Discuss which theory you think would support McDonald's recognition scheme? Answer: 1. The Following Case Study Deals With the Behavioural and the Ways McDonalds use in their Business Scheme to Make Profit. For the following case study, different scenarios will be discussed on the basis of McDonalds organizational structure and their way of hiring the people and also the lucrative ways they keep in their schemes for their employees. It would also discuss if they are going to be a directly part of a non-profit organization (Renz, 2016). For the following case study, McDonalds human resource management is taken to be in consideration and the methods or ways they take in their organization to keep their employees intact. Also we would look into the internal strategies of the company and the difference in their approach on human resource management with some not for profit organization. McDonalds has a recognition scheme which gives their employees a chance to prove themselves and choose a future leader from that group. McDonalds in Australia has the largest employee with about seventy five thousand people. It won an award in the year 2008 for one of the best companies to work in Australia. It has a strong potential for developing its future leaders as many of its employers including the managing director of the company also started in the as young as fifteen years old. They have a strong understanding of the uplifting the people who got potential and who prove to be good for the company in the future. As many as seventy percent of the employees who work in McDonalds are mainly school going student aged between fourteen to eighteen years. Having young people in the staff provide a large pool of potential managers and future leaders in the organization. Having young people at the workplace also prove to be beneficial as they tend to learn thing quite easily compared to others. Young minds also tend to give more and more innovative ideas and each in its unique way. As McDonalds is considered the biggest of all in the global fast food market, it uses its organizational culture to attract more and more employees. McDonalds organizational culture motivates learning. This reflects the effectiveness to achieve the desired levels in the corporate culture of human resource capabilities (Purce, 2014). This highlights why McDonald is so famous and an established company worldwide. It has a unique culture that is followed by five strategies namely people, products, place, price and promotion. There is strong recognition in the company itself. It is possible because it runs formal annual events and developing programs that are operated in the corporate level. The one that runs at store level is the Crew Recognition Program as this is aimed to find out the one who have contributed the most during hi/her shift. The ones who are in high level are also recognized by giving them awards as the employer of the month or employer of the year. They get their names printed in the monthly staff magazine named WRAPT and are also awarded some gift or discount card. There is also an Outstanding Achievers Award at the corporate level where employees get nominated by their managers for contributing the most to the business strategy or is delivering results which was not expected. They are approved by each recipient and are awarded a $500 dollar gift voucher and also get a formal recognition to their peers at the annual staff meeting. The main reason they prosper with their scheme is because the organization has some following characteristics. The first one is the People-Centricity where the employers need and development gets prioritizes (Purce, 2014). They encourage their employers to help improve processes and procedures to ensure the support for the people. Second is the individual learning where importance of lifelong learning are highlighted which in turn promotes the productivity, quality and business effectiveness (Sparrow , Brewster Chung, 2016). It also offers training and development opportunities to enhance one are learning. The main aim is keep employees more motivated in learning. The third one is the organizational learning where they aims to use ones learning to develop organizational knowledge to push the business forward. They encourage their employees to give feedback and knowledge sharing through policies, programs and meetings. The last one is the Diversity and inclusion where the human resource management sees the importance of optimizing human resource capabilities that deals with diverse market. To keep a check on the diversity and inclusion, the employers are encouraged to give their feedback so that it can help the organization to grow more and more. By giving feedback, they can understand more about their internal problems and help in managing (Purce, 2014). Giving feedback also helps them to ensure they are well received in the organization and with this feedback they can get a clear picture of what is in t he mind of the employees. This also helps in enabling the quality of service through people centricity, individual and organizational learning (Sparrow, Brewster Chung, 2016). McDonald mainly focuses on individual learning and strong team spirits. A strong culture has developed due to its recognition program which in turn contributes retention of staff. With more interactions with the employees, they can get to know more about their talents which can help in their productivity and will give them more chance to prove themselves among their peers which will boost their confidence which will make them work for long (Doherty, Haugh Lyon, 2014). 2.McDonalds Recognition Scheme can be understood by Maslows Hierarchy scheme under which Motivation and Rewards are Included and Self-Determination scheme. Motivation and rewards are there at the core of recognition schemes as if the organization supports their crew members more, they can help in turning the productivity for the organization and if there are any rewards included in their work, the employees would try their best to get that which will keep them motivated for their work more and more. This will in turn also help them to get recognized in front of their peers at the annual staff meeting which will give them a chance for upliftment (Healy, 2016). Motivating someone will also help the employees to get more engaged in their work and if possible find a way to some innovative ideas which would help the organization to grow. Fulfilling the needs of an employee would also help in increasing the performance of the employer (Benn, Dunphy Griffiths, 2014). Effective motivation system helps in greatly increasing the performance of the employees performance hence productivity is also increased. Maslows theory and self determination theory should help the companys recognition scheme. Maslow theory has been depicted as a pyramid which shows the needs of a human being (Healy, 2016). The first one is the physiological scheme in which the employee expects to have a goof working environment and should get monthly salary and also should provide essential facilities. The second is the safety needs where there would be a contract between the employer and the company and also benefit with pension and sick pays (Maslow, 2013). The third one is the social needs where there will be groups working across teams at different levels encouraging team building through social activities. The fourth one is the self-esteem where one expects to get respect and praise from others. Feedback and appraisal system can help in recognizing the employees contribution. Celebrating employees achievement would also help them in regaining that self respect and appraisal. The last in the pyramid is the self-actualisation, where one employee is motivated to believe in one self so that he/she can have career discussions among managers and human resource and also they should have the confidence that they can fill any future vacancies (Maslow, 2015) ("Summary of Maslow on Self-Transcendence", 2017). The second theory would be the self determination theory or SDT which is concerned with the supporting of natural or intrinsic tendencies to behave in effective and healthy ways ("Extrinsic vs. intrinsic motivation: what's the difference? - NTD.TV", 2017). SDT is mainly concerned with basic three psychological needs that are competence, relatedness and autonomy can be used for the optimal development and functioning of human persons. Competence can be referred to as meeting the daily challenges and demands of environment. These can be achieved by effective outcomes and having desired goal sets. Autonomy can be defined as having the control in making choices from ones own will (Van den Broeck, Vansteenkiste De Witte, 2013). The essential elements that bring about the autonomy includes self awareness of ones motives, external demands and emotions and having the chance of self direction and choice making and have active involvement. Both competence and autonomy are necessary for mainta ining the intrinsic motivation (Kehoe Wright, 2013). Relatedness can be defined as the need to achieve connections and closeness with others. This will further provide emotional security. SDT shows the need to get competence, relatedness and autonomy and describes it as compatible and universal. SDT says the people gets influenced by their culture in assigning the meaning and often interpret as positive or negative. With the help of SDT, many employees can get their recognition as they know what is good for them and what decisions will make profit for the company (Spence Deci, 2013). If they give any feedback or suggestion that can really help the organization, they will be automatically recognized by their managers and hence they can get some rewards or incentives which will motivate them to work more and more and they would prove to be more productive in the coming years. Autonomous academics help to adapt learning attitudes, academic studies and well being. Autonomous helps a person to decide what is good and what is bad (Kehoe Wright, 2013). This helps those making decisions which are more effective and this helps them stand out of the blue. Their intellectual thinking helps them to think more deeply and this also helps in recognition of the employees among the peers and gives them a better chance for the upliftment (Renz, 2016). Hence, these theories can help in the recognition scheme as with the above theory, one can evaluate oneself more deeply and one can make him/her more useful. McDonalds approach is very much different from any not for profit organization. McDonalds approach to managing the HR would not be directly applicable for the Non-profit organization as McDonalds is doing business for which they need human resources to run that organization where as in any NGOs; they work there willingly to help people. McDonalds is solely dependent on human labor so they need some rewards and motivation so as to keep their workers in place (Renz, 2016). They need some lucrative offers too so that their crew remains interested. Along with the rewards, they need to provide some allowances like free food, place to live, pensions and a good working environment whereas in case of Spastic Centre, as they are NGOs, they dont find this attractive (Butler Wilson, 2015). McDonalds per year make millions of turnover and they are the longest chain in the fast food market and hamburgers. For McDonalds, human resource management is required to look after every department and how it is operating and with time providing them with rewards occasionally (Grant, 2016). The not for profit organizations is a company that is trying hard to find quality staff for a long run. Therefore, the not-for profit organizations are trying hard for the retention of their existing employees (Butler Wilson, 2015). The essay is trying to highlight if McDonalds human resource management strategies can be applied in a not-for-profit organization. A thorough study has proved that McDonalds has been effectively maintaining good relationships with its employees and employees are given firm opportunity to improve their position on the assessment of their performance where it falls under the expectancy theory.(Renz, 2016). The essay says that the employees in the McDonalds company are well taken care of on the basis of their performance and are also rewarded according to their performance. But on the other hand, the employees in the spastic centre are trained according to the conditions of the company that may face in the future. McDonalds style cannot be applied in case of any not-for-profit organizations. Company whose aim is in maximizing the profit for every fiscal year has to implement different strategies in order to get the benefits from there employees. The same cannot be applied for any not-for-profit organizations as they tend to work for the betterment of the society and also encourages their employees to work for the benefit of others and should be selfless in their work (Renz, 2016). McDonalds gives the power of authority to the managers who looking after a particular franchise. According to agency theory, they got the power to implement and can also execute the decisions that has been made and these decisions are not related to the principals. There is a fine line that is underlying between a multibillion company and a not-for-profit organization. Not-for-profit has no aim in earning any sort of profits. The not for profit organizations generally hire and try to hold onto their working personnel so as to reach the aim they are working for. The company also offers quality training for their employees so that they can reach the goals that they up set for. Monetary rewards are hard to give to the employees working for any not-for-profit organization, as they do only work for the betterment of the society. The tax is deducted from the salary of the employees. Facilities such as superannuation scheme, perquisites, and food provision scheme are given to the employees of Spastic Centre (Alliance, 2017); however there is no scope for any kind of opportunities. McDonalds is able to give much better opportunities and security to the staff from all the investment and franchise that is under the company. Since an argument always forms two way paths, there will be no topic untouched for the same argument. Managing strategies are also different for any not for profit organization. Some conditions are there that need to be checked before the proceedings where one needs to check if there is any opportunity in the growth of the company; whether it covers insurance of the employees and whether the employees can find any sort of competitiveness in there workplace . Conclusion Rewards are really important for any organization but on the other hand, it is bad also as when there will be no rewards or any monitory benefit is included in any other work, then that individual may not want to do that task anymore. Good managers motivate their workers to do even good. Motivation helps anyone to do a task more efficiently and can prove to be more productive. With their productivity in line, they can benefit the company more and hence they get recognition from their peers. With rewards and incentives included, they can take their work more seriously (Wilton, 2016). Here we would consider the Maslow Theory where the basic needs of a human being are described and all organization should follow this structure so as to give their workers a safer environment to work. References: Alfes, K., Shantz, A. D., Truss, C., Soane, E. C. (2013). The link between perceived human resource management practices, engagement and employee behaviour: a moderated mediation model.The international journal of human resource management,24(2), 330-351. Alliance, C. (2017). History | Cerebral Palsy Alliance. Cerebralpalsy.org.au. Retrieved 9 February 2017, from https://www.cerebralpalsy.org.au/who-we-are/history/ Armstrong, M., Taylor, S. (2014).Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Benn, S., Dunphy, D., Griffiths, A. (2014).Organizational change for corporate sustainability. Routledge. Butler, R., Wilson, D. C. (2015).Managing voluntary and non-profit organizations: Strategy and structure. Routledge. Doherty, B., Haugh, H., Lyon, F. (2014). Social enterprises as hybrid organizations: A review and research agenda.International Journal of Management Reviews,16(4), 417-436. Extrinsic vs. intrinsic motivation: what's the difference? - NTD.TV. (2017). NTD.TV. Retrieved 9 February 2017, from https://www.ntd.tv/2017/02/08/extrinsic-vs-intrinsic-motivation-whats-difference/ Fee, M. C. (2014). Human resources management. Grant, R. M. (2016).Contemporary strategy analysis: Text and cases edition. John Wiley Sons. Healy, K. (2016). A Theory of Human Motivation by Abraham H. Maslowreflection.The British Journal of Psychiatry,208(4), 313-313. Kehoe, R. R., Wright, P. M. (2013). The impact of high-performance human resource practices on employees attitudes and behaviors.Journal of management,39(2), 366-391. Maslow, A. H. (2013).A theory of human motivation. Simon and Schuster. Maslow, A. H. (2015). A theory of Human Motivation.Classics of Organization Theory,50, 142. Purce, J. (2014). The impact of corporate strategy on human resource management.New Perspectives on Human Resource Management (Routledge Revivals),67. Renz, D. O. (2016).The Jossey-Bass handbook of nonprofit leadership and management. John Wiley Sons. Sparrow, P., Brewster, C., Chung, C. (2016).Globalizing human resource management. Routledge. Spence, G. B., Deci, E. L. (2013). Self?determination theory within coaching contexts: Supporting motives and goals that promote optimal functioning and well?being.Beyond goals: Effective strategies for coaching and mentoring, 85-108. Summary of Maslow on Self-Transcendence. (2017). Ieet.org. Retrieved 9 February 2017, from https://ieet.org/index.php/IEET/more/Messerly20170204 Van den Broeck, A., Vansteenkiste, M., De Witte, H. (2013). Self-Determination theory. Wilton, N. (2016).An introduction to human resource management. Sage.