Ethical Dilemma Essay Example

Ethical Dilemma Essay Ethics, also known as moral philosophy, is a subdivision of philosophy, dealing with questions about morality. Societies, religions, professional groups all around the globe have their own principles or standards of conduct, which are followed by their members (Davis, Fowler, Aroskar, 1997). Ethics is concerned with what is right, and what is wrong, good or bad, fair or unfair, responsible or irresponsible, it relates to what we ought to do in terms of rights, obligations, and benefits to society, fairness, or specific virtues. It is not just about what the case is or what is most acceptable or convenient (Preston, 1996). In the case study The Typo, writer is placed in a head of marketing position in a small, struggling, pharmaceutical company, which is introducing very promising drug to the market. The future existence of the company depends on successful placement of that drug. However, there is a typographical error in all print material about site effects of that drug. Marketing manager has an ethical dilemma, stop the marketing campaign and correct the â€Å"typo†, consequently future existence of his company will be in jeopardy, or to take a risk and go ahead with campaign without letting anyone know about the â€Å"typo†. This essay will describe ethical dilemmas and their characteristics, continuing by ethical dilemma marketing manager are confronted with. Discussion on defensible moral judgements after that will be followed by introduction of two consequentialist theories namely egoism and utilitarianism and Kant’s ethics as one of non-consequentialist theory, which should assist marketing manager in making a justifiable moral judgement. Ethical dilemmas are placing individuals in complex situations were no obvious solution is clear (Shaw, Barry Sansbury, 2007). When we are confronted with two or more moral principles, and we are equally dedicated to all of them then we are dealing with moral dilemma. MacNiven (1993, p. ) identify, ’If both alternatives did not have an equally strong claim for someone, he or she would not see the situation as a moral dilemma. ’ Person, who has to solve ethical dilemma, can be left displeased, as there may have been another alternative that was evenly as satisfactory as one taken. Respond on ethical dilemmas by people depend on the ethical systems which controlled their thinking. Everyone approaches moral dilemmas from different point of view, making society’s compromise impossible. MacNiven (1993) concluded that the presence of moral dilemmas in our lives is confirming that the moral systems hich are controlling our judgments and behaviour have stopped working and are no longer in a leading position. With respect to Ghillyer (2010) who has introduced four characteristics of an ethical dilemma; these which are having an equally right choice but haven’t been taken, followed by characteristics where rest of the people involved may suffer as a result of the choices haven’t been made, the choice you have made is challenging your personal ethical principles and lastly, the choice you have made has disregard an ethical value of your community or society. We will write a custom essay sample on Ethical Dilemma specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Ethical Dilemma specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Ethical Dilemma specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Marketing manager is confronted with ethical dilemma of should he stop the marketing campaign for very promising drug for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease and correct typographical error in the print material which is misleading doctors and their patients or ignore typographical error by not stopping the marketing campaign and not informing family doctors about ten times higher risk on bad side effects of promoted drug. On one hand, by not informing family doctors about real risk for patients, he is placing patients’ trust to their family doctors at risk. On the other hand, by informing doctors about typographical error, he is putting his employer and his own employment in danger situation. Delay in placement of new drug on the market and more costs involved for marketing promotion can be crucial for coming existence of the business. To be exact, two sides of ethical dilemmas exist, objective and subjective. The objective side of the dilemma is what it seems to be a dilemma for one person does not appear to be a dilemma to other person. Oppositely subjective site of an ethical dilemma is when an emotional component has affected an individual’s response the way a dilemma was seen and settled (MacNiven, 1993). As a guide by solving ethical dilemmas moral judgements are used. Shaw at al. (2009, p. 28) highlights, a moral judgement to be strong, ‘it must be supportable by a defensible moral standard, together with relevant facts. ’ People are using moral standards as a guide on what is right and what is wrong. To make morally strong, justifiable, right decision marketing manager of pharmaceutical company should consider three factors. Firstly, moral judgement needs to be logical, therefore marketing manager should not follow his personal preferences and feelings, instead he should look for motives and proofs to support the judgements. Logical judgements need to match with our other moral and non-moral beliefs (Shaw et al, 2009). For that reason marketing manager should not simply follow his personal preferences by keeping his job. He should consider option about informing doctors of typographical error, by doing so matching his moral and non-moral beliefs. To be in a good position to make an informed judgment, marketing manager should collect as much as possible evidence; for instance, what could happen if patients with acute or chronically gastrointestinal or diarrhoea problems will be taking these drugs, will medication intake for them be fatal? Important fact as well is, doctors are already informed about bad side effects of that drug therefore if side effects will occur they will know what has caused these symptoms. Treatment for gastroenteritis and diarrhoea is available; however there is no treatment available for Alzheimer’s disease. How high is the possibility for doctors to realise that the percentage of patients, who are taking new drug, with bad side effects is far above two per cent? If the company will not survive another month or so by discontinuing marketing campaign, what loss will be for the society not to place very promising drug on the market? And finally, moral judgements should be based on manager’s acceptable moral principles. These principles need to be ‘unambiguous and can withstand critical scrutiny and rational criticism (Shaw et al, 2009, p. 29). Ethical theories can be divided in to two groups; consequential, where ethical decisions are based primarily on evaluating outcomes, and non-consequential, where decisions are based on clear basic view of the right or one’s duty (Preston, 1996). As Shaw et al. (2009, p. 58) describes, ‘If the consequences are good, then the act is right; if the consequences are bad the act is wrong. ’ The outcome of moral judgement wi ll depend on amount of good against the amount of bad an action is going to create. In contrast, non-consequentialist theories are solely concerned with an action, regardless of after-effects. For instance, take a provoked community debate about abortion. Non-consequentialist will defend foetus as a human being in all circumstances and regardless of consequences, where consequentialist will advocate ethical justification for abortion on case-by-case basis (Preston, 1996). ‘The view that the best theory of general action, or life, is to do what is best for oneself, regardless of effects on others, except when those are indirectly necessary for the best result for oneself (Narveson, 1998, p. 16). ’ Subsequently Shaw at al. 2009, p. 60) calculate, ‘If an action produces or will probably produce for the agent a greater ration of good to evil in the long run than any other alternative, than that action is the right one to perform, and the agent should take that course to be moral. ’ Egoism comes in two species; psychological and ethical. Psychological theory is about what we should do. It says that we should, or ought to, act only in our own interest ( Narveson, 1998). Shaw at al. (2009) added, people are so created that their duty is to act selfishly. Marketing manager should decide what his long term goal is; career with current employer or will he easy accept option to find another job, if needed. Contrary, if I am an individual ethical egoist it could happen that on a long run by achieving self-interest, others believes, reactions and attitudes may well have a direct impact upon my own interest (Shaw at al, 2009). In other words, it means, someone to whom a person with moral dilemma has close relationship, can have influence on decision making process on long run. For example, parents, who are suffering of Alzheimer’s disease; I would like to keep them at home, so it will be beneficial to treat disease, on the other hand I will need to place them in to residential care. Nowadays our communities are facing very complex dilemmas therefore ethical egoism is not a preferred pathway to be followed. It does not offers consistent method of resolving conflicts of self-interest. Negotiation, compromise and self-sacrifice are required to successfully solve dilemmas in communities. The second consequential ethics theory is utilitarianism which claims that: ’one ought to do the act, the consequence of which brings about the greatest good for the greatest number of person (Desjardins, 2009). In other words, following utilitarian standards is ethical; not following is not (Klein, 2003). This theory is organised around analysing consequences, how actions will affect people involved. None of actions are ever right or wrong when you are taking a closer look at the act from different points of view (Desjardins, 2009). Hence marketing manager should analyse the situation from different points of view and once he has all facts and data available he should make a moral decision which will benefit the majority of people suffering Alzheimer’s disease. In that scenario he will need to place promising new drug on the market. The question is, will he inform public about â€Å"typo† occurred or not? Marketing manager will need to decide, what is more beneficial for people with Alzheimer’s disease; treat disease and cause diarrhoea and gastrointestinal problems by some of them. He needs to keep in ind it is about the quality of life people with Alzheimer’s disease are living and about their future. Chemo therapy used for treatment of cancer has a lot of bad side effects such as nausea, loss of appetite, hair loss of as well, however so long no other better alternative for treatment exist doctors are using these methods (Davis, Fowler, Aroskar, 1997). Kant’s ethics, named after German philosopher Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) is one of non-consequential approaches to ethics. Kant’s moral rules are based on motive of duty (Shaw at al, 2009). Actual consequences are irrelevant; rules are logically prior to acts. If an act is inconsistent with an acceptable rule than the act is morally wrong. Kant believed morality is natural to people and it is discovered not created. ‘The morality of an act is independent of the perspective of the agent; a belief that lying is right does not make it so (MacNiven, 1993, p. 49). ’ In our case scenario marketing manager’s duty is to promote new drug, to place new product as successfully as he can on the market. This theory is not bothered with consequences after that. Kant’s theory is based on facts not on predictions. If drug to treat Alzheimer’s disease is available that it is marketing manager’s duty to make this drug available for people who suffer of Alzheimer’s disease. In conclusion, marketing manager has to make a moral judgement about the ethical dilemma he is facing. To assist him by making his decision three solutions were presented; egoism and utilitarianism as consequential theories and Kant’s theory as one of non-consequential theories. Marketing manager has to decide if he will follow egoistic approach and will place priority to future existence of company, he is employed with, or he will follow utilitarianism theory and will stop marketing campaign which will place his employer in jeopardy. As non-consequential approach Kant’s theory was presented. If he will decide to follow this theory he will be just doing his job, for what he is paid for. It is his mission to complete the job without thinking on consequences which can be caused by his actions. As marketing manager’s primary goal is to make right moral decision, he needs to decide what are his most important moral norms, what decision will best enrich his well-being and satisfaction in his life? References: Davis, A. J. , Fowler, M. D. , Aroskar, M. A. (1997). Ethical Dilemmas Nursing Practice. (5th ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education Inc. Desjardins, J. (2009). An Introduction to Business Ethics. (3rd ed. ). Boston: McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Ghillyer, A. (2010). Business Ethics: A Real World Approach. (2nd ed. ). Boston: Mcgraw-Hill Higher Education. Klein, E. R. (2003). People First! Professional and Business Ethics without Ethics. Oxford, UK: University Press Of America. MacNiven, D. (1993). Creative Morality. London, UK: Routledge. Narveson, J. (1998). Egoism and Altruism. In R. Chadwick, Encyclopedia of Applied Ethics (pp. 15-21). London, UK: Academic Press Limited. Preston, N. (1996). Understanding Ethics. Sydney, NSW, Australia: The Federation Press. Shaw, W. H. , Barry, V. , Sansbury, G. (2009). Moral issues in Business. (1st Asia-Pacific ed. ). South Melbourne, Victoria, Australia: Cengage Learning Australia Pty Limited. Ethical Dilemma Essay Example Ethical Dilemma Essay Ethical Dilemma Name: Course: Date: We will write a custom essay sample on Ethical Dilemma specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Ethical Dilemma specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Ethical Dilemma specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Ethical Dilemma Introduction A compound situation that mostly involves a psychological conflict between two situations that are both morally right is what an ethical dilemma entails. An ethical dilemma involves one choosing to obey a rule and in the same process transgressing another rule. In terms of healthcare, ethical dilemmas are very common as people differ in the mode in which a patient should be treated. When a patient has a life threatening condition that requires surgery that is dangerous, he or she is faced with a decision. In making this decision, they are faced with an ethical dilemma. That is, in going for the surgery, s/he could die or not end up improving their quality of life and not doing the surgery in which they could still die. Patients and their loved ones are not the only ones that are faced with ethical dilemmas, doctors as well as on a daily basis they are made to choose what are best for their patients. Discussion The healthcare system has undergone a series of radical changes. The changes have brought with them complex situations and thus the use of ethics become part of what should be applied. Thus, ethical dilemmas arise, as people are known to view situations in different perspectives. Ethical dilemmas are more often than not put across to attempt to contest a system that is ethical as well as how the rest of the world views it. How one views a particular situation, is not necessarily, how another person will view it. These arguments have been disapproved in many ways over the past years. Just as people are different, their views on how to handle a certain situation will also differ. A person, who chooses to do something in a certain way, often feels that by choosing one option, they have gone for the option that is a lesser evil than the other option. The same applies in healthcare, as doctors are also different. They are faced with decisions every day all with the aim of making their pat ient better. Physicians are forced to decide whether what they are doing is good for their patient, even if it is bad in terms of how society views that dilemma. Euthanasia is a situation where a doctor, patient or the loved one of the patient decides to end the life of their patient. The person advocating for it often feels that, by doing so, they will have put the patient out of the pain and suffering that is associated with the disease a patient is suffering from. This however goes against how society views life. Other people will not understand why kill someone who still might have some time left to live. Society believes that life is precious, and it should be preserved. Society does not get why one would choose to end his or her life, yet there still are other options to explore that would make the patient live comfortably. However, the pressure associated with seeing a fellow human being suffer with little or no hopes of recovering can make someone decide to relieve the patient from the pain. Some doctors also say that euthanasia goes against the Hippocratic Oath they took as doctors to practice medicine ethically and honestly therefor e preserving and protecting the lives of their patients. Since 2006, euthanasia also known as assisted suicide has been termed as the most active area of study in cotemporary bioethics. The earliest reports of euthanasia took place when the Emperor Augustus died in the arms of his wife without suffering. He asked his wife to let him die honorably than let him continue suffering, yet there was no way he could get any better. In those days, the term euthanasia had not yet been coined. The term was first used in the 17th century by a doctor called Francis Bacon. He said it referred to an easy happy death through the alleviation of pain rather than a death that is slowed down by a doctor through administering drugs. He felt that it was a doctor’s responsibility to alleviate a patient’s pain, as this was why they were doctors. The move was welcome, even if it meant letting the patient die, as opposed to having a life that is of less quality than the patient was living before. Euthanasia is illegal in some places in the world, while in others, it is termed as legal. Where it is illegal, a person who commits euthanasia can be charged with murder (Dowbiggin, 2 005). Euthanasia can be classified into three. It can be voluntary, non-voluntary or involuntary. Voluntary euthanasia is when the patient gives consent to let someone end their life prematurely. It is usually legal in the countries that permit the practice. The countries in the world that permit it are Belgium, Netherlands and Luxembourg. Other countries are adopting this method though many objections have been presented by pro-life activists. In the United States for instance, some states advocate for voluntary euthanasia while others still do not. The states that advocated for voluntary euthanasia all follow the Cruzan v. Director, Missouri Department of Health. The Supreme Court ruled in favor of Missouri State rendering voluntary euthanasia legal in this case. It is necessary to note that voluntary euthanasia should not be confused with when a patient commits suicide with the help of a physician. This is termed as assisted suicide, which is legal in some countries, which include Switz erland, Australia, Belgium and three states of United States that are Oregon, Washington and Montana. Non-voluntary euthanasia is whereby it is done when the consent of a patient is not available. It is illegal in all countries. Involuntary euthanasia is whereby the patient does not give their consent to be killed off. When this is done, it is tantamount to murder and the person responsible for it can be charged in a court of law. Though some forms euthanasia can be termed as legal, it is essential to note that child euthanasia is illegal in the whole world. Anyone who does this has committed murder, as a child does not have the capacity to make such a decision on his or her own. Even if a parent feels that they have the power to make decisions on behalf of the child, this decision is not up to them. These three forms of euthanasia are classified into passive euthanasia in which treatment is withheld. By treatment, it means that the use of medicine that is necessary to prolong the life of a patient is withheld. Passive euthanasia can also include administering large doses of morphine so that the patient feels less pain since they do not have painkillers in their system. Active euthanasia, on the other hand, is by employing the use of substances that would end the life of a patient faster. This could be using lethal substances that are harmful to the health of a patient, even if s/he was healthy. A widely known example of active euthanasia is the case of the terminally ill patient in Michigan was administered lethal medication to him by his doctor. Dr. Jack Kevorkian was charged with first-degree murder for killing his patient Thomas Youk. Though the medication was administered per Youk’s request, Dr. Kevorkian was sentenced to prison after being found guilty of second-degr ee murder. Many authors have written articles on this issue and have termed it as unhelpful and misleading. They have questioned the fact that is euthanasia mercy killing or murder of an innocent victim. The topic of euthanasia is associated with many debates with people on the opposite sides of the debate feeling that their views are most relevant than the other side. People have different views, most of which have been brought about by the backgrounds that they have grown up in. However, for the independent minded, they will feel that it is more crucial to remember their loved one as a happy healthy person than as a sick person. They would rather not see them in pain. It is a personal decision, as no one would like to see his or her loved ones in pain. People that support euthanasia will argue that it is easier to let a patient die as one will know that they are no longer in pain. Through death, a patient is at peace and no longer has to worry about being sick. In the case of a patient choosing to end his or her life, they feel that society needs to respect that decision. If the patient were not hurting anyone else, why would the state interfere? Death is a private matter, and if t hrough it, the grief and suffering of not only the patient, but also their loved ones is shortened, then the practice of euthanasia should be advocated. Even Christians support euthanasia and back up their claims by saying that, God is love. Since love entails compassion, why someone would let a loved one be in pain yet there is a way of ending the pain. The greatest show of love to them is to let someone die thus showing that their love is agape. They even quote the bible saying that in Genesis chapter one, verse 28 it says that God gave human beings dominion over all things. Thus, they feel that it is their right to choose what happens to their loved ones. God gave human beings free will meaning that whatever they decide to do with their lives it is in their own hands. Even in the bible, there are examples of euthanasia. Like in second Samuel chapter 1 verses, 9 and 10 where King Saul asked his guard to kill him after he felt that he could not kill David. They also say that in John chapter 10 verse 10 that it promotes life in all its fullness. If a person feels that his or her life’s quality is lessened, then they should opt for euthanasia. For people who have been led to believe that life is important they tend to be pro-life. They will be against any form of euthanasia even if it means less suffering for the people involved. According to them life is precious and should not be left to people who are already distraught to make such decisions. They feel that if euthanasia were made legal more people would opt for it and not just terminally ill patients. Medical experts have already said that it is impossible to give a specific time limit for life expectancy. They might give less or more time than the patient has. People against euthanasia also feel that it will reach a time when it will become non-voluntary. Just because someone does not want to take responsibility for what is happening, does not mean that another life has to end. For instance, in the case of parents who kill a child because they are paralyzed and they feel that taking care of the children will be too much for them. In Latimer’s case, a father ha d to kill his mentally disabled daughter because he thought that she had a hip problem that was a danger to her health. This is an example of non-voluntary euthanasia, and it was not necessary for the father to kill the daughter and end his pain and suffering. Pro-lifers feel that if more countries continue to legalize euthanasia it will reach a time that it will be used as a means of healthcare cost containment. Cutting costs is crucial to many people and if they see that their patient will not get better, they would rather kill them than continue paying for treatment that will not work. Life is crucial and practicing euthanasia shows that, as human beings people do not value life and the joys that it brings with it. Thus, they feel that euthanasia should remain illegal in the whole world so that people continue to value life. A line needs to be drawn when it comes to euthanasia. This is because human beings are not capable of making decisions that involve life or death situations. It should not be upon them to decide who gets to live or die. No one has the capacity to play God so therefore euthanasia should be made illegal in the whole world. Even if someone’s quality of life has reduced, the patients still have a right to live. However painful it is to see a loved one sick, it is essential to preserve life. Every person plays a different role in life. Just because one feels love for another more than anyone else does, does not mean that they get a chance to decide when their life ends. Furthermore, when faced with such a dilemma one is not in the right state of mind to make decisions. Conclusion Ethical dilemmas will always be there in life. How a person chooses to solve them, is what matters the most. It is often an endeavor to disprove what is termed as ethical by different people. Just like in euthanasia, both parties that are for and against it feel that their views are most valid. Thus, no matter which stand one chooses to follow it will still mean going against another choice. Life is precious no matter how one looks at it. It is therefore necessary to preserve it, as only God knows the time or day that a person should die. Therefore, human beings should not advocate for euthanasia. Work cited: Dowbiggin, I. R. (2005). A concise history of euthanasia: Life, death, God, and medicine. Lanham, Md: Rowman Littlefield.

Free Essays on The Myth Of Sisyphus And The Meaning Of Life

-their world is completely engulfed in their child’s life. For that period of time their life is dedicated to that little one, that is their life’s meaning- to raise and provide for their offspring. In that case, they can undisputedly say that their child is what gives the meaning to their life. We can understand that form of reasoning, that one doesn’t see any... Free Essays on The Myth Of Sisyphus And The Meaning Of Life Free Essays on The Myth Of Sisyphus And The Meaning Of Life The Myth of Sisyphus and The Meaning of Life Ever since philosophers started to ponder on life’s perennial questions, one was-and still is, coming back unanswered. What is the meaning of life? There isn’t a one, definite answer to this question, and we can expect as many answers as there are people in the world. Everyone will answer this in a different way, because each person has various meanings for what is valuable in their life. We can give a couple of examples for the life’s meaning, but it is not said that others will agree on our conclusion/finding. The question about life’s meaning is not one where you can go, and discover the answer to. It is rather a set of values, images, visions, some sort of ones creation- a metaphor, a symbol. Each and everyone one of us has a different meaning to his/her life, and in this paper I will try to discuss various values that are meaningful to ones life, and possibly give contrasting views on that entry. The Myth of Sisyphus will be used as a corners tone for a possible answer to the question and as an example of raison d’Ã ªtre to the answer. As mentioned before, there are as many answers to the question about life’s meaning as there are souls on this planet. What factors make a person determine the life’s meaning? One model could consist of someone that answers the question by saying that his offspring is what gives his life meaning. That is a perfectly good reply- if one has children. When a child is born, parents give it all of their attention and foster it. They provide for it, in other words-their world is completely engulfed in their child’s life. For that period of time their life is dedicated to that little one, that is their life’s meaning- to raise and provide for their offspring. In that case, they can undisputedly say that their child is what gives the meaning to their life. We can understand that form of reasoning, that one doesn’t see any...

Exemption of military from environmental conservation Research Paper

Exemption of military from environmental conservation - Research Paper Example This is done by proper legislation through acts of parliament, formation of organizations that ensure protection of endangered species and supporting world organizations whose mandate is to protect the environment. In the process of environmental conservation, an important question about the military involvement is environmental conservation normally surface. Scholars like Benedict Cohen and Jamie Clark have been able to argue out ideas on the military involvement in environmental conservation. Indeed, the issue of environmental conservation should be taken with the seriousness it deserves hence no person or personality should be exempted in the efforts of environmental conservation. Background information Environment is the conditions or the surroundings through which a human being, plant or animal operates. It involves the air, the waters, the soil, forests, etc. The environment is beneficial because it is a habitat to living things, source of food for animals, source of medicine and provides beautiful scenery during man’s relaxation. Over the past century, the military activities have been strongly linked to being insensitive to the conservation of the environment. Research through books, journals, newspaper articles and other forms of media has shown that the environmental pollution and degradation is due to the some of the military activities. The military may affect the environment unwillingly such as during combat or even during the training and testing sessions. In the training sessions and even live combat, the military use weapons, which release harmful chemicals to the environment (Bowden, 2004). These chemicals pollute the environment hence leads to death of biodiver sity. In addition, the contaminated air may lead to increase in temperatures hence tropical diseases like malaria become widespread. Moreover, it has been proven that the radiation caused due to nuclear weaponry causes faster multiplication of body cells hence development of cancer. Thus the effect caused by military activities are more severe that leave the question should the military be exempt from environmental conservation. Method To address the issue, I will conduct a review of related research from the books, journals, newspaper articles and other forms of media. The review will give information on various scholarly materials that have researched on the issue. The findings will be summarized to give the results that on whether military should be exempt from environmental regulations. Literature review Land degradation is the deterioration of top soil in which the value of the biophysical environment is affected by one or more combinations of human-induced methods. The explosi ves used during testing or live combats affect the nature of the land by creating large dents in the ground (Schwartz, 2006). These dents accumulate water hence the land becomes unsuitable for agriculture. In addition, the heat generated by the explosives kills the microorganisms, which are responsible for the fertility and aeration of the soil. These lands are left bear hence no agricultural activities can take place. According to Schwarts (2006), military activities during either war or practice may result into leaving some dangerous substances in the environment. These substances may include radiations, unexploded ammunitions, burning oil wells etc. These environments are risky for

Philadelphia (1993) Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Philadelphia (1993) - Research Paper Example Far right views also view the AIDS pandemic as a God sent weapon to destroy the homosexual population. According Friedman-Kien AE (1981), the views of the religious right on matters of HIV can be termed as â€Å"Dissident science†. This term comes from the fact that the theories put forward by the religious right have no scientific backing. It is unfortunate that for a long time the views of the religious right heavily impacted on policy discourses of the disease. This paper explores the responses AIDS activist media reacted to the dissident science on HIV/AIDS as constructed by the religious right. In particular, the paper explores the homosexual dimension of the HIV/AIDS debate as espoused by the Movie Philadelphia (1993). The causation debate Scientifically, it is known that HIV/AIDs is caused by the transfer of body fluids containing the viruses from one person to another’s bloodstream. The primary method of transmission of the disease is sexual intercourse. Male to male intercourse is not a HIV risk by itself. Instead, two other conditions must be met for transmission to occur. These conditions are: one of the partners has to be infected with the virus, and intercourse must result in introduction of the HIV virus into the blood stream of the uninfected partner (Duesberg, 1989). In the United States most transmissions occur between gay men. While globally most transmission occur in between heterosexual sexual partners. Since, the 1980 and 1990 the trend of higher infections in homosexual population has continued in the United States (Duesberg, 1989). It is worth noting that when the disease was first diagnosed in the United States it was recorded among Homosexual populations. This gave rise to strongly held prejudice among religious right activists that HIV/AIDS is a disease for Gay people (Marcus, 2002). The religious activist made it appear like the disease was caused by Gay men and then spread to the rest of the heterosexual population. Ini tially, HIV/AIDS was referred by names that closely tied with the gay sexual orientation. According to Andriote (1999), early reports of the disease referred to it as the gay plague, gay cancer or the Gay disease. Early researchers referred to it as the Gay-related immune deficiency (GRID). The homosexual community responded to this branding of the disease as homosexual disease by mobilizing demonstration. In 1986, Gay AIDs activists were called to action to deflect an editorial that linked HIV/AIDS with the group. William F. Buckley had published an article in March 1986 asserting â€Å"It is both a fact and the popular perception that AIDS is the special curse of the Homosexual† (Andriote, 1999). The article went further to propose the branding of gay men with AIDS at the rear and drug addicts on the arm. The Article led to the formation of the Swift and Terrible Retribution Committee. In concentration camp uniforms the retribution council picketed the headquarters of Buckl ey’s National Review in Manhattan (Afshar, n.d). The Gay and Lesbian Alliance against defamation started the media activism by organizing demonstration against homophobic and AIDS phobic coverage of HIV issues all over America (Vaid, 1995). Most of the demonstrations targeted the New York Times which was accused of being deliberately biased against

Safety Training Program Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Safety Training Program - Assignment Example The goals will be to educate workers on handling procedures; hazards associated with chemicals, how to read safety, and were they are stored. The Hazard Communication Act or Hazcom was developed after The Right-To-Know Act of 1986. Its goals are to boost employee awareness, evaluate job safety, design safe work procedures, assign personal protective equipment where needed. Employees need to know about this activity so they will not be afraid to speak up and ask questions about their working conditions (Lang 2010). After internship experiences from questions that I asked from employees that worked out in energy plants, I began to realize a lack of training on knowledge of safety for working around chemicals, handling chemicals, and the storage of chemicals. Training is one of the best methods because it gives the employee the knowledge needed to understand the subject. It can also give examples of what can go wrong if they are not handled properly. This will give a great picture of what is expected of them. The employees of any work location that handles any kind of chemicals in their daily work setting. It can even be someone that works with them every day or someone that only handles them once a week. The employees that do not handle any chemicals should have training on the subject as well so they are a clear understanding of safety as well. The delivery I would like to give would be in a multitude of ways. Like classroom time with PowerPoint slides, visual pictures of what can go wrong, in the field training, and some testing to see if the employees were getting the material.

Looking Back On Childhood Memories English Literature Essay

Looking Back On Childhood Memories English Literature Essay looking back on my childhood I can remember wanting to be like my cousin. I only saw the good in her and so everything she told me I did. It wasnt until we broke a door in our house that I stopped being a puppet and started thinking for myself. What happened was that we wanted to get our bikes from the garage but the door was closed. My cousin then had the bright idea to run towards the door to push it open. We both then did just that, we ran and slammed into the door to push it open. But on the third try the door landed on the floor, broken. We had made a big mistake. Our garage door was now broken and all because of us. Who wouldnt change after that accident? Hasnt everyone had an experience in which they had to overcome a mistake making them stronger as a person? I realized that becoming who you are has to do with the experiences one goes through. Just like in the article Masks, the author had an experience in which she also realized that, the perfect image of someone can be deceiving, making you the strong independent one. The article starts out with a description of what seems to be a perfect girl, which would be Kathy. Then goes on to talk about her and the way she dresses, which is quite different from the way Kathy did. As it was described in the article, she wore a pink dress with frills and lace and impeccably white tights. Her feet, which swayed back and forth underneath her chair, were pampered with shiny, black shoes without a single cuff. She was very wise, sophisticated beyond her kindergarten years (169). Unlike Kathy, Tiff was simple and wore, green and red plaid pants and [a] yellow shirt with tiny, blue stars [which] showed the days wear between breakfast, lunch, and recess (169) They were completely different people and different characteristics, yet the author followed her around and wanted to be just like he r. She wanted to be like Kathy, the perfect girl, because she was popular and seemed to have a great life. Kathy tried to show off her things and the fact that guys wanted to invite her places. Then the author comes to realize that Kathy is nothing without her friends and material things because she is something she does not want to be. One day Kathy came into the library and could not find her friends anywhere and since she didnt want to be seen alone, she sat with the Tiff. But as soon as Kathys friends arrived she acted as though Tiff did not exist. After this encounter the author sees she is the powerful one, because she is independent. She might not have all the materialistic things Kathy has but at least the author doesnt have to pretend to be someone she is not. She unlike Kathy is comfortable with who she is. She does not wear a mask. I can relate to the author of Masks because of the experience I had with my cousin. The funny part is that even before that experience, my parents always taught me to be independent and to think for myself, yet I was unable to not follow my cousin. Masks shows how if people become more independent and realize that being an individual is more powerful than following the majority because it gives you a sense of control and leadership. I completely agree with that idea because if someone is independent they are able to be responsible and keep focus on a goal. Since I have been taught this since I was a little kid, including my experience with my cousin, it actually helped me get by high school (my teenage years) in a much more successful way; my goal being graduating high school. Considering that many students drop out because they rather go out with their friends than to be in school. Or so they think, since they want to be cool they go with the flow. This going with the flow model mak es people be followers instead of being leaders. Yes, some people that go with the flow can be leaders but only if they have already established themselves as an individual and know who they are. In order to have that advantage people must have been a leader at some time in their life. The article Masks and my experience ties into the article, Why Do Teenagers Get Tattoos? A Response to Andres Martin, which explains how teenagers want to be seen as different, they want to stand out by getting tattoos, because it gives them an identity. Sean Barry defies what Martin said about tattoos in his article, On Teenagers and Tattoos. In his article Martin establishes that he believes teenagers get tattoos for three reasons, control, rebelling, and for making relationships more real. Barry then starts out with relating tattooing to the reader and his experiences with tattoos, and then explained Martins view on teenagers getting tattoos. He then brings it back to his point of view and makes his view much stronger. Barry thinks Martin over exaggerated about why teenagers get tattoos because he over generalizes too much. He thinks that tattoos actually give teenagers an individual identity. Barry then agrees with some statements written by Martin and slowly goes against him unt il he gets his opinion to sound much stronger. Barry is able to shows he understands Martin and yet finds that tattoos bring a sense of identifications and individualism for people. He also explains how other methods are now used to show rebellion because tattoos have become such more accepted and common now. Teens have begun to use extreme piercings as a rebellious attitude. Barry goes on by concluding with agreeing that Martin did a good job showing a psychological response to tattoos but that he has limited his argument to generalizations, therefore, tattooing is used as a sense of individual identification rather than rebellion. I agree with Sean Barry because it is true that many people now have tattoos and it has become a sign of individualism rather than rebellion. Many people I know have gotten their tattoos because it represents a moment in their life in which they have overcome something or want to remember a moment or person in their life forever. I actually want to get a few tattoos myself which I have designed. One of them is a tiger on my back which would represent courage and strength. Another one is a symbol of a turtle which represents living life by enjoying every moment and its surroundings, as well as patients. I want to get these tattoos because they represent who I am and what I have been through. They are not a sign of rebellion at all; if that were the case then I wouldnt even know what the tattoos represent or would have just said I want them because they look cool. That is why I disagree in the fact that teenagers use it as a sign of rebellion because I think that the person getting a t attoo is usually completely sure of what they want and are at an age that they know what they are doing. I know plenty of teenagers who have gotten tattoos and have a story behind each one. They feel like the tattoos help them remember and embrace a moment in their life. Plus, people wonder when looking at you, why you got tattoos. It makes you stand out from the crowd. The truth is that depending of peoples experience one learns to handle situations and learns who they are; they find their identity that way. Tattoos just give then a symbol of individualism. The two articles give great ideas on how people find their identity but approached it differently. In Masks the author uses a story telling style to be able to both entertain and inform about finding ones identity. Realizing who we really are and why we are stronger when independent and not when following others in order to be popular. This style is more attractive to readers because they can relate to the story more and build a sense of emotion. With the experience the author shows she makes her view much stronger than using a close structure which was used in Why Do Teenagers Get Tattoos? A Response to Andres Martin. Sean Barry makes his view completely clear but does not grab much attention from the readers with his style. But what he does do is relate to the audience by giving examples of why people would get tattoos and why Martins opinion was not relevant and over generalized. Barry comes to a conclusion of individuality from the tattoos rather than a realization like in Masks. To find ones identity one has to experience life. People build their characteristics by each experience they have as well as interactions in their social life. I feel that there are only two types of people in the world, those who just want to fit in and those who are just themselves. The people who want to be themselves then want to be seen as different from others. That is when the ideas with tattoos come into place and when they realize they have a strong will. Just like when I realized following my cousin example wasnt always the best way to go. In the article Masks, the author also becomes aware of her independence. She sees that having a lot of materialistic things and only relying on being this exterior perfection will get you nowhere. There are times when people have to make their own choices and become responsible. They need to become independent. Finding your identity is overcoming the fear of being yourself.

Exposing the Falseness of Truth in On the Nature of the Universe Essay

Exposing the Falseness of Truth in On the Nature of the Universe  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      Truth is in the eye of the beholder. Or is it? Questions regarding the nature of truth have always been central to not only philosophers, but all men (and women, of course) who possess any desire for knowledge. For while truth itself is an elusive concept, it is also the underlying theme of all science -- which is the basis of knowledge -- and so the seeker of learning must first discover his own truth about the world; without a strong belief, the slippery nature of truth will only serve to confuse and mislead the student of life. A person who is lacking a basic understanding of truth can never fully grasp the fine distinction between appearance and reality, yet the ability to separate the two is essential to anyone interested in knowledge at a higher level, where appearances lead only to dead ends. Or do they? And who says appearance is not reality? At the heart of this matter is the conflict between truth as an absolute and the truth of the senses; while this may seem like a trivia l matter (truth is true, isn't it?), it is anything but. If there does indeed exist an absolute truth, as the Socratics claim, then all attempts to understand the universe are futile, since human senses can never adequately grasp a truth that is so far above everyday experience. On the other hand, the Epicurean view of truth is much more encouraging; after all, this explanation of truth as being of the senses offers the hope that individuals have the ability to create, and therefore understand, their own universe. The Epicureans, by advocating truth of the senses, basically claim that whatever appears to be something, really is, whereas followers of Socrates would disc... ...y that this debate over its relativity can ever be satisfactorily settled. Nevertheless, both philosophies have valid arguments, and each also has its merits from the common man's point of view; while Plato's truth appeals to the seekers of knowledge and idealists who dream of a perfect world, Lucretius' definition of truth brings comfort to those who need to believe that what they can see and feel is a reliable representation of reality. Both of these explanations could be valid, yet the question remains, and will continue to haunt philosophers as long as man continues to philosophize: what is truth, and if someone accidentally stumbles on its actual nature, how will he recognize it when all he has learned is the art of doubt? Bibliography   Lucretius. On the Nature of the Universe. Tr. R. E. Latham. Introduction by John Godwin. Penguin Books, London: 1994.

Work in Front of the Kids

Kohler-Evans, Patty A. Co-Teaching: How to Make This Marriage Work in Front of the Kids. Education, 127, 2, 260-264. Summary The article â€Å"Co-Teaching: How to Make This Marriage Work in Front of the Kids† by Kohler-Evans discusses the implications and effects of co-teaching on children, and provides co-teaching lessons for teachers whoa re willing to improve class performance. The article provides both theoretical and practical research of the problematic issues. The author writes that general education teachers don’t try to meet the needs of all students, but it is inappropriate as students have different abilities to learn.Moreover, disabled students should be provided with more care and attention than normal students. Therefore, co-teaching seems to be one of the most effective strategies to make teachers feel the needs of all students and to choose education program depending on that factor. As a result, a practical research was conducted to identify whether co- teaching was effective in improving overall students’ performance. During experiment two teachers were placed in one room at the same time. This process was called co-teaching.Kohler-Evans continues that â€Å"co-teaching teams have been forced into the general education classroom where veteran teachers feel insulted to have a special education teacher placed in the room with the expectation that they both teach content area critical concepts†. (p. 260) She claims that results appeared encouraging. Despite the fact that teachers were forced to teach, not asked, the majority of teachers involved in the experiment said they were pleased with the outcome and were going to try again as it ensured positive effect of students’ performance.However, the author claims that more studies are needed to identify exacts effects and outcomes of co-teaching on children, especially on children with special needs. Nevertheless, it is apparent that co-teaching is effective way to make students more involved in studying process and to improve their achievements. I think that one of the most important ideas of co-teaching is tendency to cooperation and partnership as working with another teacher will provide more new ideas about managing, planning and monitoring the perfect lesson. Apparent strength of the article is that the author doesn’t simply discuss effects and benefits of co-teaching.Instead, she provides practical recommendations for those teachers whoa re willing to practice the technique of co-teaching. She recommends, for example, finding volunteers. Of course, many teachers are confident in their professionalism and they don’t want to be taught, but there are still teachers who are open to new ideas. It is important to note that co-teaching relations are an excellent opportunity for professional growth and development. Further, the author tells to place value on co-teaching and to refer to it as inclusive practice.It is important as à ¢â‚¬Å"when all students are valued, students without disabilities have the opportunity to develop into more compassionate and caring individuals†. (p. 262) However, the central advice is to have fun from co-teaching as it offers many opportunities for cooperation and collaboration, for exploring new teaching practices and improving performance. Knowledge Application I think the article is very informative offering use new fresh ideas about teaching practices. The information provided in the paper has improved and broadened my knowledge of co-teaching and its specific moments.I think that this practice can be implemented in every classroom as it is a new opportunity for both teachers and students. Teachers will learn how to treat each other equally and how to share responsibilities. Students, in their turn, will be provided with wider range of information and knowledge. However, I don’t think that traditional education should be forgotten. Summing up, co-teaching gives a n opportunity to share the best teaching moments with someone else. References Kohler-Evans, Patty A. Co-Teaching: How to Make This Marriage Work in Front of the Kids. Education, 127, 2, 260-264.

Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintanace essays

Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintanace essays Imagine traveling state to state on a motorcycle, the wind rushing through your hair and the vibrating of the engine massaging your body. Imagine traveling cross-country on a Honda motorcycle on a seventeen-day journey. Robert Pirsig and his son Christopher experienced precisely this. Pirsig saw this journey as a way to rediscover himself after a mental breakdown, to ponder the basic aspects of philosophy, and to decipher the way people think. His son was just along for the ride. And from this adventure, the basis of Pirsig's first book, Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance, was created. Robert Pirsig was born on September 6, 1928, in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Education played a very important role in Pirsig's upbringing. After he finished his four years in high school, he enrolled at the University of Minnesota. Unfortunately, he dropped out after only two years, and he joined the U.S. Army shortly after that. After completing his term in the service, Pirsig returned to the University of Minnesota and received his B.A. in 1950. Later in his life, Pirsig traveled to India to study philosophy at the Bears Hindu University. In 1954, Pirsig returned to the Midwest and married his first wife, Nancy James. Pirsig lived in Nevada and New Mexico for a while and made his living as a journalist, a science writer, and an industrial advertising writer. Later, he returned to school and received his M.A in journalism at the University of Minnesota. Pirsig enrolled himself in a doctoral program at the University of Chicago in 1961. He taught rhetoric to undergraduates as a way to finance his studies. While in Chicago, Pirsig suffered a mental breakdown and was plagued by mental disorders. These disorders later got so bad that he admitted himself to a state mental institution. After about two years Pirsig left the institution and also left Chicago without his doctorate. Then, in 1968, he made his famous cross-country motorcycle j...

Our Class Field Trip to the Zoo Essays

Our Class Field Trip to the Zoo Essays Our Class Field Trip to the Zoo Essay Our Class Field Trip to the Zoo Essay Can bizarre events actually happen on a field trip with a typical teacher, a normal class, coming from an ordinary school? This was one question nobody had considered In Mrs.. KS class before their extensive, I-day field trip to the zoo. The class did not know the unfortunate events that would follow their Jovial mood prior to their first step on the old and musty bus. Many preparations had been made for the field trip on the luminous Monday morning. The birds chirping was a sign that the weather would stay serene throughout the day. Among the excitement, there was one very poignant boy who as sitting on a couch in Mrs.. KS blissful classroom. This boys mother had not signed the field trip form, therefore forbidding him to go. Nobody had sensed this discrepancy in the room, except a petite, blonde girl, named Gabby, who looked to be refined, but was very clever and tricky. She bent down and looked straight at the gloomy face that lay on the couch in front of her. Whats wrong, Matt? Matt looked up at Gabby smiling face. He wanted to say go away, but he knew that would Just make him feel worse. My mom never signed the permission slip. Now I have to sit In the library and read boring books. Gabby looked up In the air, with a smile that only came when she had an Idea. You have an Idea? Matt asked eagerly. HIS pupils dilated, and he suddenly felt hungry for a trick to go on the field trip. Gabby scowled at Mats eagerness. Well, did you tell Mrs.. K about the permission slip not being signed? Matt shook his head, his face still looking excited. Okay, well you could forge the signature, but Gabby suddenly lost her balance, because Matt Jumped off the couch and ran to his seat to get out the permission slip. Gabby fell on the floor, and just rolled her eyes. Okay, class, settle down! Mrs.. K tried to scream over the hustle and bustle in her classroom. The class eventually quieted down, however not at the alacrity the teacher was hoping for. Dont forget to take only your lunch and your permission slips. When you walk out the classroom, I will collect them from you. And dont forget any of the rules! The class promptly got out of their seats, brought their belongings, and hurried out the classroom door. Matt was the last one to get out of his seat. As he got up, he brought his hands toward his lunch. However, he TLD let go of the pen that he used for a very dire purpose. As he sauntered out the door, Mrs.. K. Glanced toward Mats hand that held the pen. She looked at him suspiciously, then shrugged her shoulders, and followed the rest of the class to the busses waiting outside. When the whole class had gotten on the bus, Mrs.. K. Motioned the thumbs- up sign at the bus driver. The bus driver nodded his head, and started up the bus. Mrs.. K. Leaned her head on the back of the first seat of the bus, and carefully pondered the moment when she thought Matt had forged his mothers signature. Matt and Gabby sat next to each other on the bus, ready for the two hour ride to the o. Matt, Gabby said, In a wincing tone. Why did you forge your mothers signature? You are the one who l Just said It was an Idea, Gabby disrupted, And then you Interrupted me! I was going to say that It could get you In a lot of trouble. l wont get Into trouble, Matt declared. l wont get into trouble as long as you dont tell anybody. Tell anybody want salad a vole, wanly seemed extremely Tambala to Matt Ana 1 Doom looked up slowly and saw a tall shadow hovering above them. As slowly as a baker ices a cake, they figured out who the shadowed figure was. It was none other than heir teacher, Mrs.. K.! Tell anybody what, Matt? Repeated Mrs.. K. Uh L Uh Matt kept stuttering until Mrs.. K. Gave in. Mimi forged your mothers signature on the permission slip, didnt you Matt? By now, the whole class was looking at the two kids. There were whispers, then stares, then more whispers and stares. Matt looked down at the gray seat he was sitting on. He whispered a tiny, mien. Mrs.. K. Just smiled and said, Well, we are already a half an hour away from school, so I guess youre Just coming with us. But when we get back to school, dont think that youre off the hook. Youll be spending a week with me in detention. Mrs.. K. Smiled again and walked away. Matt and Gabby Just looked after Mrs.. K. And Matt quietly sobbed, saying phrases like detention! Detention! and what will my mom say? Another half hour had passed before Matt had stopped his weeping. Gabby had her elbow leaning on the window. Her eyes kept fluttering, but she didnt want to go to sleep, because she didnt want to miss anything that happened. Gabby was thinking about nothing in particular. She Just wanted to go to the zoo, and come back. Just as Gabby was about o fall asleep, her elbow unexpectedly slipped down onto the sill of the window. This hurt Gabby elbow, and it started bleeding. Everybody in the bus was screaming. There were masses of shouting saying foolish things like, The bus is falling in quick sand, and Were all going to die! The bus was merely under the case of two flat tires. However, there was no gas station for three miles. The bus couldnt survive for even a minute with only two working tires. Mrs.. K. And the bus driver were talking about this inconvenient disaster. It seemed like hours when Mrs.. K. Finally turned award her class. The bus became pin-drop silent. We have tried to reach the school, but apparently, the signal is very bad out here. We have looked at the map, but the nearest gas station is pretty far away. If we want to get out of here, we are going to have to Mrs.. K. Hesitated, Push the bus. WHAT? screamed the class. The silence had turned into severe commotion in no time at all. Mrs.. K. Tried to clam the class down, but to no avail. Eventually the class figured out that they were not going to go anywhere until they pushed the bus to the gas station three miles ahead. So, he class filed out of the bus in an orderly fashion while Mrs.. K. Kept trying her phone. It was extremely hot outside, so by the time the bus was pushed, everyone was sweating. It took more than forty minutes for the bus to be pushed the whole three miles. Gratefully, the class took water bottles provided by the gas station. Finally, the class got to settle back on the bus. It was hotter in the bus than it was outside, so everybody opened their windows. Another half hour passed before Matt and Gabby got bored on the bus. They finished playing hand games, and word games, and they couldnt think of anything else to do. Ugh! exclaimed Gabby. Im so bored! Theres nothing to do, and the bus is extremely stuffed! Me too! whined Matt. Why couldnt they Just request a truck to haul us to the gas station? As Matt and Gabby thought up all the reasons why this field trip would be the worst, they, along with the rest of the class, had no idea what Mother Nature was cooking up for them. As soon as Gabby felt a raindrop on her shoulder, and looked outside the window, she knew that Mother Nature was being extremely cruel. She had brewed up a storm, something ten wangle class was moping not to nave. Can person on ten bus had their own version of saying, Monomania! While they closed their windows. It was raining cats and dogs! None of the meteorologists had predicted a severe storm. First a week of detention for Matt, flat tires on the bus, and now rain. What else could go wrong on this wacky field trip? The streets were almost flooded. There was a large amount of traffic. On top of that, the bus was moving exceptionally slow. Instead of having a half an hour left of the bus ride, the time doubled. The classs Jovial and buoyant mood was turned into a miserable and distressful mood. The once loud bus had turned down the volume a great deal. Cacao! sneezed one Cacao! Sneezed another. Cacao! Cacao! Cacao! sneezed the Wickers brothers. Suddenly the whole class started sneezing and coughing. Well, it is allergy season, commented Mrs.. K. In a wincing tone. She didnt know what to do. She finally faced the fact that this was the worst field trip ever to be taken. She had already given out a seven-day detention because of a forged signature. She got all sweaty, sticky, and dirty from pushing the bus three miles. Mrs.. K. Also got wet from the harsh storm. On top of that, the signal on her phone wouldnt work, and they were already delayed at arriving at the zoo. Mrs.. K. Oldest take it anymore. The whole class was becoming sick and there was no way they were going to make it to the zoo. Mrs.. K. , as well as the rest of the class, fell asleep, ignoring the fact that everything that could possibly go wrong went wrong. On the bright side, the rain had stopped and the traffic decreased. When the class eventually got to the zoo, they were an hour late. Apparently, the tour guide had given up waiting and left. Because of the amount of work put into getting to the zoo, Mrs.. K. Decided to lead the group herself. The sky around them was still dark and cloudy, but the sky was starting to clear up. It was also extremely humid, with a slight wind. As Mrs.. K. Took attendance and went over the rules, Gabby became Jaded. She made a lets go motion with her hands aimed towards Matt. He got the signal and followed Gabby, without Mrs.. K. Seeing the both of them. The two children snuck through a bush nearby, and passed the entrance of the zoo. They started walking around the colossal zoo together. They had no idea what was headed their way. Back outside the zoo, Mrs.. K. To up to Mats name. Matt Mrs.. K. Looked around the horde of students. Matt, please say here when I call your name. Matt! Suddenly Mrs.. K. Started panicking. She frantically searched through all the students. Oh no! First, he forges his mothers signature and now he has wandered off Where can he have gone? All at once, Mrs.. K. Also grasped the fact that Gabby was missing too. Mrs.. K. Started gathering up the class and talking about a search party. Okay, you guys go this way, and you guys go that way. She moved her hands frantically in the air, pointing her finger in different directions. When everybody was given their places to search, Mrs.. K. Said, Remember, when you find Matt or Gabby, make sure you yell as loud as you can. Okay, go ahead. The whole class rushed into the zoo, ready to search. All this while, when Mrs.. K. Was trying to calm herself, Matt and Gabby had finally realized that they had gotten lost. They didnt have a map with them, and they have never been to this zoo. They both panicked, as they were trying to find the entrance. This is tattletale going to AAA to my week AT attention! Matt moaned. on stop worrying about yourself, Matt. Try and look for the entrance. As Matt and Gabby kept searching, they had no idea how far into the zoo they had gotten. In the front of the zoo, all of the small animals were shown, such as birds and monkeys. The middle of the zoo held water animals, such as reptiles and seals. Finally, the back of the zoo held large animals such as elephants and gorillas. These are the animals Matt and Gabby ran into. After several minutes of walking aimlessly around the zoo, Matt leaned on a few metal bars that were within his reach. Im so tired! How much longer will it take to find the entrance? Gabby faced Matt, ready to contradict him, but her air skin turned to a deathly pallor. Uh Matt, Gabby said in a shaky tone. Mirrored leaning on It was too late. Matt was leaning on a gorilla cage. The gorillas hand held on to Mats shirt through the bars. Matt started screaming hysterically. Since Matt had a skinny figure, he easily fit through the extensive bars. Help, Gabby! Dont just stand there! By now, the gorilla had Matt lying face-down on its back. The gorilla started walking to its bowl of food. Okay! Okay! Gabby, whose face was still pale, turned and walked away. She was determined to find help. On her way to find help, Gabby knew that she was getting lost even more. Just as she was about to give up, her foot stepped into something mushy. Ewe! Gabby squealed as she looked down at the elephant poop on her brand new shoes. Oh! This is so disgusting! Out of the corner of her eye, Gabby sees a large water fountain that was big enough to use as a bathtub. Gabby ran towards it, with her sullied shoes. Her footprints left their mark on the once clean sidewalk. As Gabby got nearer and nearer to the water fountain, Gabby imagined what was happening to Matt. She pictured Matt, his face cared to death, and the gorillas mouth coming closer and closer. Fortunately, that was not what was happening at all. Matt was actually attempting to communicate to the gorilla. Over here! Over here! said one of Gabby and Mats classmates. A few other kids ran over to the enormous gorilla cage. Matt! one of them shouted, Get out of there! Dont worry! said Matt without any fear or panic. The gorilla is feeding me. Its really nice! Matt turned his attention back towards the gorilla and went on with the conversation. Another group of kids from Mrs.. KS class saw the elephant poop footprint marks Gabby left. Smartly, they followed the footprints which led straight to the fountain where Gabby was floating on. Hey guys! Gabby said cheerfully as he saw her classmates approach. Mimi should definitely try this. Its so much fun! Gabby had her back on the water, with her hands behind her head. Although her clothes were soaking wet, she didnt seem to care. Along with the shouting of Gabby finders and Mats finders, Mrs.. K. Came rushing over to where she heard the shouts. She first went to Gabby. Dear God, Gabby! What do you think you are doing? Gabby immediately got up from her resting position and made her ay toward the edge of the fountain to get out. L Uh Was Just, you know, um Bathing? Never mind, sighed Mrs.. K. Lets Just get you dried up and find Matt. Gabby nodded her head and faced the floor. The shouts for Matt were getting louder and louder, ensuring Mr.. K. She was going in the right direction. Eventually, she arrived at the gorilla site. When she saw Matt in the gorilla cage, Mrs.. K. Almost fainted. Oh my god! First Gabby is bathing in a fountain and now youre in a cage with a gorilla! Matt thought of explaining how kind the gorilla was, but decided gallant It Matt gave ten gorilla a quickly mug Ana clammed out AT ten cage. Dropped down, he saw Gabby shivering with excitement. Matt was going to ask what happened, but Mrs.. K. Already started leading the class toward the bus. They didnt want to get lost again so they obediently followed. When the class neared the bus, Mrs.. K. Cleared her throat and bean speaking. All of you did a wonderful Job in finding Gabby and Matt. Everyone in the class, except Gabby and Matt, were high fifing and patting each other on the back. Mrs.. K. Walked towards Gabby and Matt with anger in her eyes. As for you two

Life Span Consideration Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Life Span Consideration - Case Study Example The other topic is the pharmacokinetics which is all about the dosage of her drugs based on her body weight, age and body surface area. Lastly, the other topic that will be covered will be on the measures to be taken to reduce the intake of drugs, the reduction of her health problem and lastly on ending her purchase of over the counter drugs without prescription from her primary physician which is really important based on her age which is sensitive. R. M has a history of deep vein thrombosis which makes her take Warfarin every evening which is a high dosage. She however also has a history of hypothyroidism and is constantly taking thyroid replacement hormones. The hormone treatment drugs however do not mix well with Warfarin and require a patient taking the therapy to reduce the dosage or even completely stop taking Warfarin to minimize the side effects to the patient. R. M therefore should stop purchasing her drugs without consultation with her primary physician who will advise her on which drugs to take for her deep thrombosis problem what will not affect her hypothyroidism treatment (Lilley, Collins, Harrington & Snyder, 2014). Some of the negative effects of the thyroid hormone treatment are increases heart rate and pulse as well as chest pains which are symptoms of hypertension and which she is trying to reduce with the hypertension medication. If the drug therapy for hypothyroidism treatment will increase her hypertension problem, she should seek alternative therapy rather than increase the risk of heart attack that can cause immediate death to the patient (Kahn & Olshaker, 2014). The alternative therapy will also assist with the earlier mentioned problem of deep thrombosis. In order to reduce the above discussed health risks caused by her medication intake, R. M should seek alternative therapy techniques for her different health problems other than fully relying on

The Boer War Paper Term Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Boer War - Term Paper Example The Boer War was the first major military conflict of the 20th Century. The strategies employed by both sides set precedences for wars throughout the new century. The Boers used guerilla warfare tactics against the heavily favored British who herded many thousands of men, women and children into detention camps, both precursors of wars to come. Although the Boers eventually won their independence it came at a heavy cost to both sides. The Boers were the descendents of Dutch farmers of the Cape Colony in the nation of South Africa. Beginning in 1835, they began moving outside the region to establish the Transvaal and Orange Free State due to the constant border conflicts with the British overlords on one side of their territory and native tribes constantly encroaching on the other. Together these newly formed regions were known as the Boar Republic which included the town of Johannesburg. While the Boers considered themselves a sovereign, autonomous society, the British claimed all of South Africa as its own. The two factions held to a relative yet uneasy peace until gold was discovered in 1886 on Transvaal land. A gold rush ensued flooding the Boer’s lands with miners, speculators and adventurers, â€Å"outlanders† as they were called by the Boers. â€Å"The discovery of gold at Witwatersrand in the Transvaal ended Boer seclusion and brought a mortal threat to the young nation’s dream of freedom from alien rule. By 1896 the population of Johannesburg had grown to more than a hundred thousand.† (Weber, 2012). The Boers of the Transvaal were poor farmers. The discovery of gold was a great revenue producer but the newcomers producing this wealth were denied citizenship from the government. By 1896, the population of Johannesburg was about 100,000, half of which were white but only 6,200 were citizens, all Boers. Neither the British nor Boers allowed citizenship to the indigenous black population. Government officials received petitions, one with 18,000 and another with 35,000 signatures demanding it allow non-Boer whites citizenship. Neither was given serious consideration. The Transvaal and Orange Free State Boers formed an alliance as tensions between the groups worsened. British forces were dispatched to the Boer regions to help calm the situation but this move only made the situation worse. On October 10, 1899 the Boer government gave the British an ultimatum demanding that British forces be removed within 48 hours or war would be declared. (Chamberlain, Droogleever, 2003) Britain did not comply with the ultimatum to withdraw its troops. On October 11 the war began when the Boers attacked and took control of the towns of Ladysmith, Kimberley and Mafeking. While the British were struggling to relieve their besieged forces in these towns, the Boers achieved inspiring victories in other major British strongholds such as Colenso, Stormberg and Magersfontein in December 1899. The fortunes of war soon changed howeve r. By February of the next year Kimberley and Ladysmith had been retaken by the British. The somewhat disorganized Boer troops were being scattered throughout the countryside. Soon the Boer front line, such as it was, collapsed. The next several months were a time of great uncertainty